Employers can say a big thank you to the Social Chamber of the Court of Cassation. The judges of the highest court in the French judicial system will in fact reject the judgment of the Court of Appeal of Paris in September 2010 had invalidated the social editor of a banking software, Viveo the grounds a lack of economic incentive. "This decision could not be clearer, says Malik Douaoui, partner in employment law at Taj. The lack of economic incentive does not justify the invalidation of the redundancy. Its validity is independent of the reason for dismissal. "Even in terms of Virginia Devos, a partner for his share in August & Debouzy:" We had a sword of Damocles that the magistrates of the Supreme Court have raised strictly applying the current law. Their commentary is clear: it can not have judgment without text. "

Current legislation does not in fact authorizes a judge to cancel, before it was implemented, a social plan for any reason whatsoever. The only people qualified to vote are the industrial tribunal that councilors may have to decide, ex post, the lack of or inadequate backup plans implemented. And with this, the key, generally, heavy damage compensation as a benefit for employees who brought the case to court. "This decision removes the freedom of judges to interfere in the a priori social plans", and welcomes Nicolas Sauvage, member of the influential lawyers' union in labor law, Avosial, which in February had alerted all the presidential candidates on this sensitive issue during an election law to dismissal on line pay day loans.

"This decision does not alter the political debate of layoffs but said equity rule the legal issue," says Devos, however, Virginia. In due. Francois Hollande has indeed committed, in a letter to the union Avosial mid April, if elected to make "an appropriate response" to social plans "of pure convenience announced by successful companies" while acknowledging that they represented only a tiny minority of cases in France. "We are not immune to the legislature shortly text files to allow judges to interfere in the management of enterprises and thus thwart the decision of the Court of Cassation," Devos fears Virginia. 'E wish them courage to write this text especially good for the principle of free enterprise under pain of being censored, as in 2002, by the Constitutional Council, "abounds Nicolas Sauvage. "The whole question is about the place we want to give judges in controlling redundancy plans," explains Malik Douaoui. There is therefore perhaps not heard the last of this case Viveo

.

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The International Monetary Fund will have an additional $ 430 billion, that he will agree about forty of its 188 member countries. Christine Lagarde did not hide his satisfaction at the conclusion of meetings this weekend in Washington, first at the G20 then the policy committee IMF policy.

"This almost doubles the Fund's lending capacity. This really shows the determination of the international community have the tools to resist and defend against the attacks, "said the CEO, relieved to have obtained a strengthening of the" firewall "of the IMF it deemed absolutely necessary.

In addition to the States in the euro area, which had announced in December 2011 their stake to 150 billion euros (nearly $ 200 billion), other countries of the European Union bring their mite, including the United Kingdom (15 billion). Japan (60 billion) will be the largest individual contributor, while Saudi Arabia and South Korea will contribute 15 billion each. In total, $ 340 billion that was pledged by name. What to add 90 billion from a number of emerging countries, including China, Russia, India and Brazil. But they prefer to "talk first to their publics the number of their contribution," said Christine Lagarde.

From this list, the United States and Canada are conspicuous by their absence. Washington had previously stated that he was not opposed to a process of strengthening the IMF on a voluntary basis, but he would not participate. As for the Canadian Finance Minister Jim Flaherty has said aloud what many feel a whisper: "We believe that the Fund has adequate resources to meet immediate needs. The reality is that European countries are relatively rich … They must take the bull by the horns and solve this problem with their own resources, "he said at a news conference.

Expanded powers

The euro zone's balance of payments surplus is globally vis-à-vis the outside world should not in fact need to be rescued by the IMF, confirmed privately one of his top officials. But Europeans are reluctant to help each other themselves as necessary, and they need the funds as a policeman to impose unpopular reforms programs, as is the case for Greece, Ireland and Portugal.

Vice Minister of Finance of Singapore, Tharman Shanmugaratnam, who chairs the committee that guidance of the Fund, did not mince his words nor his vis-à-vis the Europeans: "The firewall is necessary, but far from enough. The real solution lies in the fiscal and structural reforms to address the real causes of the crisis. "

Emerging countries, by the voice of the Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega again requested an extension of their power within the IMF, and they got satisfaction. The G20 communiqué pledges to "a comprehensive review of quotas by January 2013." Moreover, the central bankers of the G8 countries, who gathered in Washington specifically too, were willing to facilitate "access to capital markets' five state" Arab Spring ".

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800 000 000 000

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While political leaders promises to multiply the SME, 300 business leaders gathered in Evian (Haute Savoie) for three days, from March 22 to 24, during the fourth Spring Campus organized by the association CroissancePlus. They reflected a very real way on how best to grow very small businesses and SMEs to become medium-sized companies (ETI) employing between 250 and 5000 employees. "Growth is the foundation of everything. We must grow faster than its competitors to beat them, "testified Xavier Fontanet, former chairman of the board of Essilor, the world leader in the ophthalmic lens.

"In Germany, large ETI achieving over 500 million euros in turnover increase. They took advantage of a phenomenon of concentration. Seven out of ten bought a small business or a merger between 1996 and 2006, "noted Jacky Lintignat, CEO of KPMG. The French group Altrad, European leader of the scaffold (494 million euros of turnover), was embraced by making 45 acquisitions since 1985 in France and abroad. "Our goal is to double our turnover in the next four years," said Mohed Altrad, president of the eponymous group which opened its capital to three banks CM-CIC Capital Finance, Arkea Private Equity, a subsidiary of Credit mutual Arkea, BNP Paribas and Development and the Strategic Investment Fund.

But entrepreneurs are divided on the interest of bringing investors to accelerate their growth. The start-up Showroomprivé, which sells brands on the Internet, hosted the U.S. fund Accel Partners to expand internationally. "We must not fall into the hands of investment funds and the stock market go," he assured his side Maxime Holder, CEO Paul bakeries, one of three businesses Holder family group. A difficult experience with a fund in Britain, explains this desire for independence. "There is not DNA but the DNA for a company to succeed," commented Olivier Duha, president of CroissancePlus. To allow contractors control their business while allowing them to find money to grow, Jean-Louis Beffa, honorary president of Compagnie Saint-Gobain, has proposed that SMEs can benefit from "equity without right to vote. " The often difficult relationship between large companies and SMEs were also discussed. "Many SMEs do not dare connect to Danone. We must learn to work together, "regretted Franck Riboud, Danone CEO. There is a way to go. SMEs are often reluctant to approach some large groups because they do not always respect the law, including the supervision of payment periods.

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This is a bad sign for the fledgling market for electric cars. The General Motors has decided to suspend production of its Volt plug-in hybrid for five weeks, the time to "align production with demand." This is an embarrassing decision for the manufacturer, which launched in late 2010 this car with a small engine used to recharge the battery of about 200 kg.

While rising fuel prices at the pump becomes a concern for motorists, the Volt should instead be of great interest. The high price of the vehicle with respect to its performance remains a problem. The sedan costs $ 41,000, not including a tax credit of $ 7500 awarded by the federal government, which wants to promote this technology in the name of reducing pollution. But GM has sold only 7,671 Volt last year in the United States, against 10,000 planned. Since the beginning of the year, just over 1,600 were purchased. The first deliveries of the European version, the Opel Ampera, should start soon.

Purchase long to return

The first American automaker plans to launch a national advertising campaign to boost sales of a vehicle denounced by some as an illustration of a public subsidy "politically correct", without consideration of market reality. GM, which the federal government is still the largest shareholder, was saved from bankruptcy in 2009 by an injection of public funds of $ 50 billion. Despite regular promotions elected by the Democratic Party, sales of electric and hybrid vehicles in the U.S. represent less than 3% of the market.

The main rival of the Volt is paradoxically the Cruze, another vehicle of the Chevrolet brand and look identical. With a conventional gasoline engine but more economical than previous generations of vehicles in this category, the Cruze costs almost twice as cheap. Consumer Reports, an independent private authority, believes it takes six years to the owner of the Volt to recover the sacrifice he had to agree in preferring the new technology rather than the Cruze. This period is far too long to allow the Volt to generate significant interest in the U.S. market.

The Volt was also hurt by a controversy. Protection of its large battery had to be reinforced after the discovery of spontaneous fires in cars immobilized for several days after a violent collision. Besides the surge in gasoline prices and the upcoming advertising campaign, two other factors are expected to boost sales of Volt in 2012: first orders of General Electric, which manufactures loading terminals for its fleet of company vehicles, and secondly the new California regulation: on motorways, expressways reserved for cars carrying more than one person at peak times will also be open to electric cars, even if they are occupied by only one person …

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For a time, Athens can blow. After a meeting in Brussels, the seventeen ministers of finance in the euro area have given their approval for the payment of the sixth tranche of aid to Greece. At a cost of 8 billion euros, it should help support the country, public debt has recently passed the threshold of 160% of GDP. Initially, Greece will receive 5.8 billion from the euro area, yet the remainder dependent on the approval of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Eagerly awaited the release of the envelope is part of the plan of 110 billion euros agreed in May 2010.This decision allows especially on track to the second rescue plan prepared in late October, to be finalized between the Greek Government and private creditors in early 2012 best payday advance.

A sign of confidence

For the new Greek government, this decision is also similar to a pledge of confidence in the euro area for the implementation of austerity measures which the aid was conditional. Athens has also worked hard ahead of the meeting date. In a statement released this afternoon, Evangelos Venizelos, Greek Minister of Finance, has assured that "all the necessary conditions" for the new aid program had been met.

It must be said that the release of the tranche was delayed several times.

The Paris Bourse continues its forward march on Monday, after finishing last week jumped 1.23%. The CAC 40 in advance of 3.01% to 10.00 to 2943.10 points.

Investor sentiment is supported by the information including the Italian newspaper La Stampa over the weekend that the IMF could provide assistance to Italy up to 600 billion if the debt crisis of the countries would increase. This would allow Italy to have a window of 12 to 18 months to implement budget cuts and reforms to strengthen economic growth. The information, which was denied by the United States, is again the IMF itself, which says this morning that no discussions with the Italian authorities have in that place.The worsening financial crisis in the eurozone weighed on the outlook for sovereign debt rating of all European countries, the rating agency warned Monday payday loans lenders.

The oil rises

In this context, the euro is progressing slowly against the greenback. In morning trading, the European currency is worth 1.3310 dollars. Oil is well oriented: a barrel of "light sweet crude" (WTI) for delivery in January of $ 1.63 is assessed at 98.40 dollars on the New York Mercantile Exchange and Brent crude from the sea North for the same maturity is 1.20 dollar to 107.60 dollars on the Intercontinental Exchange in London.

Side of the agenda, the economic outlook of the OECD are expected in the morning. Sales of new homes in the United States will be known in the afternoon.

The President of the Republic, Nicolas Sarkozy, on the road to Bordeaux, reaffirmed his loyalty to the social spirit of the National Council of Resistance and ran to secure a social model to which the French are "deeply attached". "The honor of France is to have built a democratic and social Republic on the ruins of World War II," he said. And specify that it "does not have it said that the legacy of the National Council of Resistance has been betrayed," but felt that these critics are the ones "who have protected the French credit by mortgaging the future of their children and grandchildren without telling them. " He explained that he wanted to open a debate "calm" on the financing of social protection, as it takes "to reform permanently" the system to "adapt" because "the status quo is a danger guaranteed online payday loans."

Rights and duties

"We can not, we can not afford to get into a spending strategy. The real answer requires a transformation of social policy, "said Nicolas Sarkozy. He wants to rights of insured persons are duties. He confirmed that the beneficiaries of the RSA (RSA) should now work seven hours to the community, as announced by the Minister of Solidarity and social cohesion Roselyne Bachelot, September 22. "It should not be a system but a worthy charity," he added.

He announced the creation of a High Council of the financing of social protection "will have to work before the end of the year," to think about solutions. "A third of our GDP is devoted to social protection.

"It's a real passion about." This finding of Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, the environment minister, marked the launch of Focus on the railway in September. This long-term thinking on the proposed liberalization of the rail system should lead to concrete proposals in January. For the railway unions, the project poses a threat of "dismantling of the public rail service" and is "a real danger to the railways in Europe pay day loans." They called for the strike on Tuesday to oppose it.

The gradual introduction of competition in the rail, particularly in regional transport, has long been claimed by the National Federation of Transport Users (FNAUT). "The regional express trains (TER) and the balance of the territory Trains (TET) are not operated by the SNCF," Judge Jean Sivardière, its president.

In Athens

"Greece is entering a new era," commented George Papandreou during his press conference in Brussels. The Greek prime minister did not hide his relief in a speech to the nation on Thursday night. Greece was saved at the default. Among the measures adopted at European summits include the release of a new tranche of 100 billion euros and the deletion of 50% Greek debt, "voluntarily" from the private creditors (banks, insurers …). This debt and return to 260 billion euros, its level of 2009. The ambitious program of privatization has also been revised downwards. The objective is to privatize up to 30 billion euros by 2020 instead of 50 billion euros for 2015.

"It will not delay to send us these details," claims Vaggelis Haratsis, CEO of the company financial management Ahepef Beta. Holding a lot of Greek debt, local banks will be hit hard by the discount will be recapitalized and 30 billion to cash in shock payday loans no teletrack. This will involve probably the injection of public capital. "If the banks really are nationalized, it will be the key for several years. In the end, they pay the inability to manage the crisis by politicians, "said Vaggelis Haratsis.

In return for aid to Brussels, Greece has to accept an austerity to 2020 and ongoing monitoring of representatives of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. Experts to settle in the country to monitor progress with reform and adjust if necessary.Only in this way we can avoid recession and reducing unemployment is at 17%. " It will also quickly overcome the social discontent, motivate the Greeks to return to work, to stop the strikes and occupations of government departments, and not to cheat on their taxes.

As we approach the presidential election, the office humming with political discussions. This highly controversial topic is no longer taboo in French companies. According to a survey Opinionway * conducted on behalf of the editions Tissot, 57% of employees say they discuss political issues with their colleagues. A quarter clearly shows the same opinions.

Few people see it as a sensitive topic. Employees who never raise this issue at work (38% of respondents) said first adopt this attitude of discretion, because they feel that their political views do not watch them. They are only 22% see it as a source of conflict, and 7% fear that their careers will be affected by the opinions they have issued.

However, many employees perceive that the limits are not exceeded.A large majority (60%) judge and moved to a colleague to explain why he should vote for a candidate or party rather than another. Similarly, distributing a leaflet, wear a badge or paste a poster on the politically charged workplace is overwhelmingly considered unacceptable.

If the policy is no longer taboo, employees are also not willing to discuss the subject with anyone. Colleagues are privileged interlocutors. In contrast, only 29% of respondents speak with their political boss, and 15% with customers of their business.

* Poll conducted from September 21 to 29, 2011 among a sample of 1013 employees and officials.

"Testimonials – And you, are you talking about politics at work? Speak your political opinions? Are you afraid to be detrimental to your career? Share your experience in comments below or by email at temoin@lefigaro.fr.

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